Monday, March 30, 2020

GIS Applications and Data Types

Introduction A Geographic Information System is a combination of hardwares and softwares that enable researchers to envisage, capture, display and analyze data from different geographical positions. It gives the users a great opportunity to interpret data quickly and share it easily.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on GIS Applications and Data Types specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be carried to any management information system without any collision. GIS uses either vector or raster methods of capturing information. Application of GIS Migration routes management – this application is used for tracing migration circuits of caribou and polar bears. This in turn assists the researchers in coming up with plans that are geared towards protection of the caribous and the polar bears (USGS). These animals are found in Arctic which poses difficulties for conducting ground surveys due to the geographical t errains, hence the use of GIS which is of two types is very helpful. GIS application to the project The hegira circuits were indicated using different hues for each month for a total of 21 months (USGS 2007). The researchers then used the GIS to superimpose the movement circuits upon maps of oil development plans. This was intended to decide the possibility for interference with the caribous and the polar bears as they migrated (USGS 2007). In addition, the researchers would be able to know the frequency of the migration activities. Software and datasets used Software: Collar transmitters and satellite receivers – these softwares are able to release signals from radios at between 132-174 MHz, and can be heard from about 10 + miles away under ideal conditions (USGS 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data sets: migration routes Results gained: researchers were able to locate th e movement of the caribou and polar bears from several miles away. Over and above, the researchers were able to determine the frequencies of the movement and the actual circuits followed and if at all, a distinct pattern that was at play during the migration. The application was useful in determining the exact position of the caribou and polar bears and what was happening at any given time. It was also significant when checking possible danger that caribou and the polar bears could posed to the oil plans Data in GIS Differences between vector and raster representations of map features Vector representation Raster representation It represents real world features within GIS environment. It is used in a GIS application for displaying a continuous area. Uses points X and Y to locate features on a particular site. The use of a square grid to locate features in a defined location Ground survey and GPS is used to pick vector images Optical scanners mainly used to gather raster dat a. Requires explicit storage of each vertex Data must be converted to a topological features Cannot be used to cover large areas. Hard to represent linear structures Only reflect one feature of a site Fail to adhere to high level cartographic needs. Easy to represent data in its original appearance No data conversion is required Allows exact location to be maintained Easy to analyze data Appropriate for mathematical modeling Compatible with raster based output devices Street or river networks Analysis of land cover References Buckey, D J, Bio Diversity Gis. n.d. Web. GeoVITe, 2010, Website of Geodata Visualization and Interactive Training Environment (GeoVITe). Web. Natural Earth. GIS Data, 2013. Web.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on GIS Applications and Data Types specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More USGS, Geographic Information Systems. Web. This assessment on GIS Applications and Data Types was written and submitted by user Chase Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Firefighter Politics A Essays - Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal

Essay/Firefighter Politics A Essays - Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal Essay/Firefighter Politics A Every election year brings on the same hurdle for the firefighters union. The mayoral candidates approach the union and ask for their support throughout the election. This is a major decision the union (union representatives) has to make. The representatives of the union have to approach the membership with their recommendation for whom to support so that the candidate will have full support from the union. Hopefully, the candidate chosen by the representatives of the union wins the election. If the candidate chosen does not win the election, the elected candidate not supported by the union, understandably, he has little or no respect for the union at that time. In the 1993 election year the union had to make a major decision on whom to support for mayoral position, the one we chose was defeated. Because he did not win, there was a struggle between union and management. This did not come about because the union was looking to control the new administration, but the town wanted benefits given back which were negotiated with the mayor that we were supporting. The unions main goal during this time frame was to get the new administration to have some kind of respect for us when we went down to the town hall to resolve issues that arose. For the first few years, the only way the town would see it our way was when the arbitrators decision was in our favor. This was quite often. Since 1993, I have been either on the executive board or vice president of the union and received experience in grievances, arbitration and negotiations. The town is forever taking us to arbitration and seldom winning. We have a contract that protects us. Our contract was negotiated collectively by the union and management. When a new administration controls the finances of the town, their first goal is usually to attack the benefits in our contract. The administration now, which is running the town of Johnston, took over in 1994. They thought that the firefighter contract was a lucrative one. The town leaders thought that they would win many benefits back by just taking us to arbitration. Along with this attitude, the town leaders had little respect for the union and the leaders of the union because of the reasons mentioned before. The town of Johnstons first task with the firefighters union was to negotiate a contract. They came after our Blue Cross insurance, pension, pay, and our promotional exam. They would soon find out that the firefighters union was in no position to just give benefits back to the town. They were in for a fight. These negotiations went on for an extensive amount of time. Being part of negotiations in the past, I knew that most concessions the town was asking for were part of negotiations and immaterial to them. After weeding out the non-essential proposals we were down to the bottom line. The raise was the last item left that would make or break the agreement. The negotiation team, which I was a part of, came up with a unique way to receive a raise. We were to receive no raise for eighteen months then go from a bimonthly payment schedule to biweekly a payment schedule, which gave the union a eight percent raise that year and a total of thirteen percent over a three year period. The town agreed and the contract was signed. The union and town ended the negotiations, with the union not conceding to any issues we felt were significant to us. This would be our first major victory. The towns next fight was not to pay the union members their longevity the way it was calculated in the contract. We went to the town leaders to rectify the situation but the administrators would not negotiate anything but what they thought the contract said. Since the town and the union could not reach an agreement, the union filed a grievance with the American Arbitration Association (this association will schedule a date and an arbitrator to hear the case) so that the two parties could resolve the issue. This was another major mistake the town made, in not having any respect for the unions advice in